Can Mosquitoes be Exterminated on the Earth? - Part 1

Human killed by Mosquitoes is estimated about no less than 1 million per year worldwide, especially in the tropical areas (Asia and Africa continents).

Fig 01- A mosquito for illustration (credit to Google).

Almost a half million death due to malaria only, transmitted by the mosquito species of Anopheles mosquito.

Malaria is transmitted by the infected female Anopheles sp to people after biting those people for blood meal.

WHO (World Health Organization) reported that mosquitoes affect on billion of people with diseases spread by them.

There are 3500 species of mosquitoes, but not all risk to human health, and even not all mosquitoes bite human.

Fig 02- White Azalea flowers, illustration.

Some well known deadly diseases that caused by mosquitoes are:

- malaria

- Yellow Fever

- Zika Virus

- West Nile Virus

- Encephalitis

- Chikungunya Virus

- Dengue Fever

Fig 03- Yellow flowers, illustration only

The question: Can Mosquitoes be exterminated on the earth? The answer is YES. Then, how?

# To be continued to Part 2

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May Insects Kill Human with Their Stings? - Part 1

Murder insects were spotted first time in Washington state, USA in May 2020. The insect is called as “Asian giant hornets” with scientific name, Vespa mandarinia.

Fig 01- A bee feeds nectar and pollen of a flower

The insect, actually native to several “warmer” and temperate regions which are far away from the USA.

The warmer and temperate areas include:

- East Asia

- South Asia

- Southeast Asia

- the Russian Far East

Fig 02- Flowers, just illustration

The Asian giant hornets have no natural enemies in the nature, hence they are the apex predator of insects in their environments.

In nature, this biggest size hornet in the world consumes many smaller insects, just few examples are beetles, wasps, bees, hornworms and other smaller hornets.

Fig 03- The Asian giant hornet (credit to Newsweek)

Moreover, the giant hornet may affect bee population, because:

- they attack honey bee hives

- hornets kill adult bees

- they are devouring larvae and pupae.

Fig 04- Flowers are blooming

# To be continued to Part 2

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Could Scientists Develop Unhackable Computers? - Part 2

You may read the previous post (Part 1):

- Could Scientists Develop Unhackable Computers? - Part 1 | Tanza Erlambang Update

Fig 01- The red flower in the garden.

Several American agencies are developing what they called as quantum computer, and then quantum internet.

The agencies such as universities, national laboratories and federal institutions are trying to connect their computers across the USA with what they call as “the quantum concept.”

Some advantages of quantum computers are:

- using qubit (quantum bit)

- faster and excellent in decryption and encryption works

Fig 02- The painting by a local artist, illustration

Connection among computers and cryptography capabilities cause hackers illigal activities highly possibly be intercepted, hence, there is prospect to get online protection and to prevent hacking.

Fig 03- Unique forms of pumpkins, illustration

However, quantum computer is in the early stages so far. Moreover, hopefully, we will avoid online hackers in the near future soon.

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Could Scientists Develop Unhackable Computers? - Part 1

We may be hearing, watching or reading about hacking or data stolen by hackers almost every day.

Fig 01- Laptop computer, just for illustration.

As you know, the bad things that hackers not only access to our computer to steal whatever inside our computer, but they could also control our computer networks and then prevent us to access our own computer systems.

Strangely, the hackers have specific targets, and changed over the years. Just recent weeks, hackers targeted public infrastructures.

The reasons that infrastructure companies to be targeted it is because hackers have political and even security motivated.

Fig 02- The watch on the street, illustration

In addition, infrastructures are easy target because they have outdated computer systems.

Fig 03- Coneflower, illustration

Moreover, the most sectors to be targeted in recent years are following:

- Banking and financial institutions

- Healthcare organizations

- IT and Telecom

- Government and Military

- Retails

- Education and research institutes

Fig 04- Computers sold in Walmart, illustration

The legitimate question then, Could Scientists Develop Unhackable Computers in the coming future?

# To be continued to Part 2

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Waking up after Sleeping for 24,000 years – Part 2

You may read previous posting (Part 1):

- Waking up after Sleeping for 24,000 years – Part 1 | Tanza Erlambang Update

Fig 01- Carnivorous plant, illustration

After waking up to live, the bdelloid rotifer is able to reproduce multiple times by asexually manner.

Interestingly, in respect to evolution, this freshwater invertebrate had avoided sex for about 80 million years.

You can see movements of several bdelloid rotifers from “Youtube” videos available through internet.

They look “very happy” after very long slept.

Fig 02- Bdelloid rotifer (a), egg (b) and c.chromosome (credit to bioRxiv).

Asexual reproduction in the bdelloid rotifer called as parthenogenesis in which there is no need fertilization.

Fig 03- The bdelloid rotifer

(credit to AccuWeather/ Soil Cryology Laboratory)

In other words that It is means without fertilization or asexual: eggs develop to embryo, then become “baby” rotifers.

The bdelloid rotifer is commonly found in the aquatic environments everywhere such as:

- rivers

- streams

- lakes

- and ponds

Finally, do you know this kind of organism?

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Waking up after Sleeping for 24,000 years – Part 1

When I was kid, I knew the word of “hibernation” refer to “sleep” during cold (winter) season.

Fig 01- Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Bdelloid rotifer

(credit to Steve Gschmeissner).

On that time, I just knew a bear as a perfect example of animal to do hibernation in short times, not years.

Actually, many other animals do hibernate in addition to bear, just few of them are:

- ground squirrels

- bats

- snakes

- turtles

Fig 02- Snake come to our neighbor home

Fig 03- Squirrel at backyard. Ground squirrel may hibernate.

In fact, due to many factors such as sudden changes in temperature and less food sources, animal (physiological) reacts by: lower heart rate, set down body temperature and relax metabolism

Recently, scientists found a bdelloid rotifer which had been slept for 24,000 (twenty thousand) years in Arctic, Russia. Very long sleep.

This multicellular organism (very small size, can’t be seen by naked eyes). The size is about 500 micron (0.5 mm).

What is surprising?

# To be continued to Part 2

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