Waking up after Sleeping for 24,000 years – Part 2

You may read previous posting (Part 1):

- Waking up after Sleeping for 24,000 years – Part 1 | Tanza Erlambang Update

Fig 01- Carnivorous plant, illustration

After waking up to live, the bdelloid rotifer is able to reproduce multiple times by asexually manner.

Interestingly, in respect to evolution, this freshwater invertebrate had avoided sex for about 80 million years.

You can see movements of several bdelloid rotifers from “Youtube” videos available through internet.

They look “very happy” after very long slept.

Fig 02- Bdelloid rotifer (a), egg (b) and c.chromosome (credit to bioRxiv).

Asexual reproduction in the bdelloid rotifer called as parthenogenesis in which there is no need fertilization.

Fig 03- The bdelloid rotifer

(credit to AccuWeather/ Soil Cryology Laboratory)

In other words that It is means without fertilization or asexual: eggs develop to embryo, then become “baby” rotifers.

The bdelloid rotifer is commonly found in the aquatic environments everywhere such as:

- rivers

- streams

- lakes

- and ponds

Finally, do you know this kind of organism?

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Waking up after Sleeping for 24,000 years – Part 1

When I was kid, I knew the word of “hibernation” refer to “sleep” during cold (winter) season.

Fig 01- Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Bdelloid rotifer

(credit to Steve Gschmeissner).

On that time, I just knew a bear as a perfect example of animal to do hibernation in short times, not years.

Actually, many other animals do hibernate in addition to bear, just few of them are:

- ground squirrels

- bats

- snakes

- turtles

Fig 02- Snake come to our neighbor home

Fig 03- Squirrel at backyard. Ground squirrel may hibernate.

In fact, due to many factors such as sudden changes in temperature and less food sources, animal (physiological) reacts by: lower heart rate, set down body temperature and relax metabolism

Recently, scientists found a bdelloid rotifer which had been slept for 24,000 (twenty thousand) years in Arctic, Russia. Very long sleep.

This multicellular organism (very small size, can’t be seen by naked eyes). The size is about 500 micron (0.5 mm).

What is surprising?

# To be continued to Part 2

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The Attractive Flower to Butterflies and Bees

Duranta or Duranto repen is a shrub with blue, light blue and light purple colors. The flowers look like orchid flowers.

Fig 01- Duranta repen flowers

In addition to Duranta repen, this flower has several common names based on its characteristics, they are:

- Sky Flower

- Golden Dewdrop

- Pigeon Berry

- Geisah girl (Japan’s breed)

Why Duranta repen is one of attractive flower to butterflies and bees?

Fig 02- Lovely color of Duranta repen

One reason is that Duranta repen included in shrubs. The shrubs usually provide:

- succession blooming throughout growing seasons. In case of Duranta repen, the flower has long blooming, from spring to frost.

- good quality nectar

- pollen

This flower is easily found in many countries around the world as an ornamental plant in the gardens, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.

Fig 03- Duranta repen as a shrub

Even thought Duranta repen has been naturalized in many areas, the origin of flower from:

- Mexico

- other South American countries

- the Caribbean

Fig 04- A Butterfly flying

In the USA, this flower grow well in the states such as:

- California

- Arizona

- Texas

- Louisiana

- Mississippi

- Alabama

- Florida

Do you know about Duranta repen? Is there this flower in your place?

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Declining Population of Mammals with Cube Feces

You may read previous posting about animal with square feces:

- Have you Seen Cube Feces Animals in Nature? | Tanza Erlambang Update

Fig 01- A décor bear, illustration

From searching through Google that there are 3 species of wombat living across the Australia continent:

- the common wombat

- the northern hairy-nosed wombat

- the southern hairy-nosed

Not surprise that wombats are enlisted as endangered species with population continue to decline since 1980s.

Fig 02- A wombat with a baby (credit to YouTube)

Fig 03- One of wombat cube poop (credit to Imgur)

Sadly, one species called as northern hairy-nosed wombat with scientific name Lasiorhinus krefftii is assumed extinct in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

The facts about wombat feces (sources from internet):

- feces was formed at the last part of intestines

- feces is dry, contain 60% water compared to human feces with 80% water

- cube shape is advantage than round feces to communicate, if placed on top of objects.

Finally, have you seen wombats and their feces in any places include zoos?

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Have you Seen Cube Feces Animals in Nature?

Honestly, I never seen cube or square shaped poops or from any kind of animals in the nature.

Fig 01- A wombat and his cube feces (credit to VectorStock)

Actually, a wombat is an animal to produce cube shape feces in the world only. One wombat could produce around 100 feces a day. I think it is considered quite plenty.

This animal look like combines (cross breeding) of 3 animals. Two of them you might know very well:

- a bear

- a pig

- a gopher (burrowing rodent).

Fig 02- A pug, illustration only

The size of a wombat could reach:

- 40 inches (102 cm) long

- about 60 pound (27 kg) weigh

Fig 03- Green, just for illustration.

Male is larger than female in average. The short legs animals are found no other places except Australia.

Yes, they are endemic to Australia. Unfortunately, these animals are categorized as “pests” by settlers.

Hence the wombats to be subjects of persecutions and hunted in old times, but now, it is illegal to kill wombats.

It is estimated, the population mainly concentrates in the Epping Forest National Park in Queensland.

Finally, Have you Seen Cube Feces Animals in Nature?

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Database in Everyday Aspects of Life - Part 2

You may read the previous posting (Part 1):

- Database in Everyday Aspects of Life - Part 1 | Tanza Erlambang Update

Fig 01- Purple Crape myrtle, just for illustration.

Then, in 1970s as said by Haadi (2010: The Evolution of Database) that E.F. Codd to propose the use of a relational database model to change the way people thought about databases.

Codd ideas open the era of relational database model (Relational Database and Database Management).

This model became the standard principle for database systems as we ever know.

Fig 02- Purple bell peppers

Whether we know or not very much about databases, their effect on our daily lives is extensive.

Fig 03- Public parking, illustration

Databases are everywhere in our society, include in:

- sports

- finance

- government and private organizations

- social media

- health care and even online game.

Thus, databases are as unavoidable in daily life as they are necessary for all of us.

What do you thinks?

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Database in Everyday Aspects of Life - Part 1

We live in an information-rich society; thus our society relies on the availability of a huge amount of information:

- everywhere

- and at any time.

Fig 01- Database world illustration 

(credit to slideplayer/slide/10964329/)

Information means data.

These data then manipulated by computer science to produce what we call as database.

These systems are virtually everywhere, from such as:

- cell phone to TV

- vending machine in train station

- barcode scanners in super-market.

Fig 02- Flowers in the garden

As suggested by AJ Graham (2016: How Are Databases Used in the Real World?) that using of database is date back in 1960s.

Fig 03- A dog in neighborhood, illustration

It is because many companies believed that use of computers became a more cost-effective option.

However, database models not that many on that time, few of them are a network model called CODASYL and a hierarchical model called IMS.

In CODASYL, data are organized into record and set at different types. Both record and set have names.

IMS model makes people organize data (business data) using program and device independently.

# To be continued to Part 2

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