Why Turtles Produce almost All Female Hatchlings Recently? - Part 2

You may read previous post (Part 1):

- Why Turtles Produce almost All Female Hatchlings Recently? - Part 1

Fig 01- Green turtle as one of endangered species.

Sex ratio of turtle when eggs put in incubator with varies temperatures are following:

- at C 28.5 (F 83.3) degree will produce equally males and females broods.

- above C 30 (F 86) degree produces all females hatchlings

- below C 25 (F 77) degrees produce all males turtle babies.

Then, why temperature become warmer in the sand of the Great Barrier Reef beaches?

Fig 02- Old tower, illustration

Fig 03- Box turtle in the hand

Many scientists have concluded that “climates changes” which relate to increasing of temperature responsible to more females in Great Barrier Reef turtle broods.

In short term, in order to get equal or natural sex ratio of marine turtles, then scientists design:

- lower nest temperatures

- optimal nest temperatures

The resutls are promising. Moreover, hope, world could handle the climate changes in near future.

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The Ways in “Caching” for Speeding Up Web Server – Part 3

You may read previous posting (Part 1 and Part 2):

- The Ways in “Caching” for Speeding Up Web Server – Part 1

- The Ways in “Caching” for Speeding Up Web Server – Part 2

Fig 01- Spring, painted by David Hockney

By configuration file, we have several following advantages:

- web easily accessed

- shorter time to access

- built-in validation mechanisms for both the schema and the form

- and XML in the configuration becomes much more intelligible.

However, there is no the best way to implement cache strategy, so there is possibility to set up catching by mistake.

 Fig 02- Mask, for illustration only

Fig 03- Garage sales at neighborhood, illustration

Fig 04- Felled trees by David Hockney

The wrong set up means browser not able to validate the cached content. Another possibility that page could load wrong content.

In case of hacking the caching server, all users will get negative impacts on their computers.

Several other disadvantages:

- more expensive

- data are stored temporarily

- store capacity not that much

- less proxy updating

- data may loss due to shutdown of computer

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Why Turtles Produce almost All Female Hatchlings Recently? - Part 1

When I was walking with my dad in remote beaches in the tropical country along long time ago, we found turtle eggs in the beaches sometimes.

Off course eggs are hiding in the nests within the sands.

Fig 01- A turtle crossed a little garden, illustration

Number of sea turtle eggs could reach about 200 eggs at one time, but, the number depend very much on species.

As examples, number of eggs at one time from 3 different species:

- Flatback turtle, about 50 eggs

- Leatherback sea turtle, about 110 eggs

- Hawkbill turtle, about 200 eggs

After incubation of 60 days, we did not know the natural sex ratio of male and female turtle hatch-lings.

Fig 02- Just for illustration

Fig 03 – Eggs of sea turtle (credit to Plumlee Gulf Beach Realty)

Fig 04- A shy turtle in the garden

We just guessed equally the same with little bit higher for females as other animals on the earth.

It is stunning to know that scientists found new hatch-lings to have almost all females sex identity in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

Why?

Naturally, temperature decide sex ratio of turtles, higher temperature means female more.

On the contrary, lower temperature will cause plenty of males than females turtles.

# To be continued to Part 2

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The Ways in “Caching” for Speeding Up Web Server – Part 2

You may read the previous posting (Part 1):

- The Ways in “Caching” for Speeding Up Web Server – Part 1

Figure 01- Caching through HTTP (source: BetterExplained, 2007)

In addition, the meta tag (refresh) is also used to redirect the customers from one Web page to another.

The second method for “caching” is “Programmatically setting HTTP headers (CGI scripts etc.).”

This second method is useful for CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripts that output dynamic data.

How catching through HTTP could improve web server performance could be seen at Figure 01 above.

Fig 02- Carolina basswood, baby trees

Fig 03- American hornbeam, baby trees

Fig 04- Poinsettias, indoor flowers

From above Figure (please the Figure 01 again), we will understand the sequences that:

- browser request to get index.html

- then web server searching

- the respond from server is providing file request

- the last step that browser display the files.

The last method is “through web server configuration files or httpd.conf.”

Then, what are the advantages of file configuration?

# To be continued to Part 3

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Do you Favor to Certain Chicken Egg Colors? - Part 2

You may read the previous posting (Part 1):

- Do you Favor to Certain Chicken Egg Colors? - Part 1

what is the most common egg color?

Fig 01- Eggs produced by a nearby family farming

The answer is White, especially in the big grocery such as Walmart

We might observe some other colors such as:

- brown

- green

- blue- green

- cream

- pink

- blue

- chocolate brown

Fig 02- Chicken as a pet

Fig 03- Eggs are ready to be consumed.

In addition to genetic, eggs colors are added by pigment called as “Porphyrins.” This pigment is produced from uterus of hen.

Hence, colors of eggs don’t cause the different of the taste and nutritional values of eggs.

In case, we might find the slightly different in taste and egg’s nutritional values, it could be caused by other several factors such as hen’s diet and the ways to raise the hens.

Do you favor to certain egg colors?

Why?

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The Ways in “Caching” for Speeding Up Web Server – Part 1

In database systems, the word “caching” means store something temporarily, then retrieved again for near future use.

As suggested by Price (2011: Web Performance Optimization, Part 1: Web Server Caching) that there are several goals of caching.

Fig 01- Painting by David Hockney, illustration only

The purposes of caching are following:

- Increasing the speed of content delivery.

- Reducing the amount of redundant work

- and putting a file in memory to re-use to save millions of drive accesses.

At the end, caching is supposed to improve server performance.

Moreover, three Ways for “Caching” to speed up Web server performance that are:

1. Via (meta) tags (<meta http-equiv="Expires"...>)

2. Programmatically setting HTTP headers (CGI scripts etc.)

3. Through web server configuration files (httpd.conf)

Fig 02- Public safety, illustration only

Fig 03- Flowers at the garden

First, Kyrnin (2015: Force Your Page to Always Load from the Server Not the Web Cach) mentioned that a meta tag could control browser “caching,” then Web server could be speeding up.

Search engine optimization (SEO) often apply meta tag. The simple reason is to attract people to click our sites. Thus it will affect on traffic and your site ranking.

# To be continued to Part 2

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Do you Favor to Certain Chicken Egg Colors? - Part 1

I know that chicken eggs have many colors in nature, but 3 colors are stick in my “head” only:

- brown

- green

- white

Fig 01- Several colors of eggs.

What factors determine eggs colors?

Michigan State University Extension (December 29, 2013) said that genetics which relate to breeds are primary factor to decide eggs colors.

Nutritional foods which are consumed by hen may affect on egg colors such as (just few examples):

- water quality

- non-starch polysaccharides

- enzymes

- calcium

- phosphorus

- vitamins

Fig 02- Chicken playing on the yard

Other factors are believed to contribute to colors of chicken eggs:

- general stress

- heat stress

- disease

- production system

- hen’s age

Fig 03- Just for illustration

It is facts that 60 breeds are recorded in the USA, and chicken breeds are estimated hundreds, at least 500 breeds in the world.

Fig 04- Eggs without shells

There are more than 10 common chicken breeds in the USA, some of them are:

- California Gray Chicken

- Brahma Chicken

- Buckeye Chicken

- Holland Chicken

- Delaware Chicken

Hence, not surprising that we might find many different egg’s colors either in the groceries or in the community farmings.

# To be continued to Part 2

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Understanding Diseases in Human Body through Knockout Genes – Part 2

Gene knockout (credit to YouTube)

You may read Part 1:

- Understanding Diseases in Human Body through Knockout Genes – Part 1

The knockout will result in disrupt of targeted gene.

Since mouse is closely related to humans, thus, it is favorite animal for knockout experiments.

Especially with regard to genetic questions that relate to human physiology or behaviors.

At Figure above (top of this article), we can see how to target gene.

The introduce specific gene modification in mice by the use of embryonic stem (ES) cell, then produced knockout animal (mice).

As described by Hansson (2007) that knockout have become absolutely important in medical research.

Through targeting (removing) a specific gene, we can find out what happens once it is gone.

Little plant in the early autumn

It is lead to new understanding of normal development and disease processes, then identified new avenues for medical therapy.

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References

Hansson, GK. 2007. ADVANCED INFORMATION. Gene modification in mice.

"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007".

NIH (National Human Genome Research Institute). 2015. Knockout Mice.